Antarctica Trip: December 2008-January 2009
Readings on Antarctica
The following Antarctica resources are on Reserve at the Library Circulation Desk. Some are recommended by Abercrombie & Kent, Inc. and Forrest E. Mars H'49. Required and essential readings are color coded. Also included are selected web sites for additional information. Stop by and ask to peruse the collection or choose among the following:
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Modern Travel and ExplorationHistorical ExplorationWildlife and the EnvironmentWebsites |
Modern Travel and Exploration
Naveen, Ron. The Oceanites Site Guide to the Antarctic Peninsula. Chevy Chase, MD: Oceanites, 2005.
With its descriptions, maps and wonderful aerial photographs of visitor sites in the
Antarctic Peninsula, this is the one book to carry on your voyage south. The guide,
which supports the Antarctic Site Inventory Project, covers 40 prime visitor sites in
detail. It also includes some of the best photography we've seen. (Description from
Longitude Books)
Ocean Explorer. Antarctic Explorer Map. Chichester, UK: Ocean Explorer Maps, 2008.
A full color map of the Antarctic Peninsula at a scale of 1:2,750,000, designed for the
shipboard traveler by veteran expedition leader Nigel Sitwell. It covers the range of most
Antarctic voyages from Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the
Peninsula south to Marguerite Bay. It also includes detailed insets of South Georgia and
the complex channels and islands of the Palmer Archipelago including Paradise Bay, the
Lemaire and Neumeyer channels. The reverse shows the entire continent with photographs and
mini-biographies of 30 polar explorers. (Description from Longitude Books)
Arnesen, Liv, Ann Bancroft and Cheryl Dahle. No Horizon Is So Far: Two Women and Their
Extraordinary Journey Across Antarctica. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003.
919.9 Ar6
During the winter of 2000-2001, Norwegian Liv Arnesen and American Ann Bancroft, both in
their 40’s, became the first women ever to cross Antarctica on their 1,700-mile,
94-day trek. Arnesen and Bancroft were able to share their journey with the world on a
day-to-day basis. With the help of corporate sponsorships, the women carried equipment
that allowed millions of school children in some 65 countries to follow the expedition
via website transmissions and satellite phones. On skis, pulling 250-pound sledges,
occasionally windsailing, the two women fought their way across the difficult terrain of
Antarctica. Even today’s technology could not make the actual trek any easier than
it was in earlier days. Arnesen and Bancroft faced the very same hazards and challenges
as the explorers of old; the difference this time is that the rest of the world was able
to watch.
Collier, Graham. Antarctic Odyssey: In the Footsteps of the South Polar
Explorers, NY: Carroll & Graf, 1999.
919.9 C69
Written by retired professor Graham Collier, and illustrated with photos taken by his wife,
geologist Patricia Collier, the book intertwines the couple’s experiences with
historical detail about the regions they are visiting. It offers exquisite photos
(landscapes and wildlife) of both the eastern and the western regions of Antarctica.
With ongoing references to the various explorers who first visited the region, and a short
appendix containing biographical notes about them, the Colliers offer their own more modern
version of the Antarctic “odysseys” undertaken by the explorers of old.
Griffiths, Tom. Slicing the Silence: Voyaging to Antarctica. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007 (Simultaneously published in Australia by the UNSW Press.)
919.9 G87
Tom Griffiths, an Australian environmental historian, writes here about taking his first
trip to Australia 's Antarctic stations. He alternates personal diary entries with essays
and stories about prior exploration and explorers in Antarctica, including information
about many of the lesser known explorers of earlier days. Starting with a concise review
of the history of the Antarctic, Griffiths goes on to compare modern activities in Antarctica
with those of its “heroic” past. He also discusses modern day living in the Antarctic,
including the value of food and entertainment, and provides his views on the role tourists play and
will play in the future of the continent.
Mastro, Jim. Antarctica : A Year at the Bottom of the World. NY: Little, Brown & Co.,
2002. 919.9 M39
Jim Mastro spent more than five years living and working in the Antarctic wilderness. This
is his striking season-by-season account of one full year living on the ice. Mastro
describes in vivid detail, complete with photographs, this strangely beautiful, vast frozen
frontier. (Description from Little Brown)
Matthiessen, Peter H'45. End of the Earth: Voyages to Antarctica.
Washington , DC: National Geographic Society, 2003.
508.989 M43
In End of the Earth, naturalist and environmentalist Peter Matthiessen provides
a travelogue of two separate trips he took to Antarctica with Victor Emmanuel Nature Tours,
a firm that specializes in birding expeditions. His account includes historical, geographical and
scientific information about the area, as well as references to earlier Antarctic explorers,
particularly Shackleton and Amundsen. Both parts of his memoir reflect the awe he experienced at
witnessing life in such an untouched, unexplored region as Antarctica.
Poncet, Sally and Kim Crosbie. A Visitor’s Guide to South Georgia. Great Britain:
WildGuides Ltd., 2005. 709.38 W85
Like most visitors’ guides, this one offers a bit of history, a number of photos, information about places to see, and occasionally, tips for the traveler. What is different, of course, is the location to be visited! Also, author Kim Crosbie
will be taking part in the 2008 Antarctica trip! Don’t expect to find “places to shop”, “local nightlife” or “best restaurants” in this guide. Instead, anticipate delightful photos of the coastal islands and bays of South Georgia - amazing photos of both terrain and wildlife - with tips (and warnings!) about when and if (usually depending on weather) you might expect to see them for yourself. South Georgia offers some 40+ sites accessible to tourists, all with permit requirements. This visitor’s guide provides details about these various locations and what to expect when you visit.
Historical Exploration
Alexander, Caroline. The Endurance: Shackleton’s Legendary
Antarctic Expedition. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. (book and audiobook)
919.9 Sh1A
Author Caroline Alexander served as guest curator of the American Museum of Natural History's traveling
museum exhibition "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition". This book
was featured as the companion volume for the exhibition. What distinguishes this particular account of
the Shackleton expedition from the many other versions available is the use of original photographs
from the expedition to illustrate the text. The photos tell the harrowing story of the crew of the
Endurance, better, perhaps, than words ever could.
Lansing, Alfred. Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage.
1959; NY: Carroll & Graf, 2001. (book and audiobook) 919.9 L29
In August 1914 the Endurance set sail for the South Atlantic. In October 1915, still half
a continent away from their objective, the ship was trapped, then crushed in the ice.
Twelve hundred miles away from land, drifting on ice packs, Shackleton and his men survived
the next five months on a diet of dogs, penguins and seals. When the ship eventually sank they were
forced to escape by lifeboat. Shackleton then travelled another 850 miles in an open boat across the
stormiest ocean in the world to reach help. Every single man got home safely.
(Description from inside flap of book)
South: Ernest Shackleton and the Endurance Expedition: Sir Ernest Shackleton’s
Glorious Epic of the Antarctic. DVD directed by Frank Hurley (1919; Chatsworth, CA: Milestone
Film & Video: 1998). 919.9 Sh1H
This film is a documentary chronicling Shackleton’s 1914-1916 expedition. It includes
footage of the ship Endurance broken apart and sinking after being trapped in pack
ice for eight months – footage you aren’t likely to see elsewhere! This film is
considered Hurley’s best photographic work – Hurley at the height of his
photographic career, achieving astonishing images under extraordinary circumstances.
Cameron, Ian. Antarctica: The Last Continent. Boston, MA: Little, Brown
& Co., 1974. 998.9 C14
An examination of “the coldest place on earth”, traced through the stories of
six major polar expeditions. Includes information about some of the earliest research
stations established in Antarctica. Ends with an account of Sir Vivian Fuchs’
1955-58 land crossing, the first Trans-Antarctic Expedition.
Cherry-Garrard, Apsley. The Worst Journey in the World:
Antarctic 1910-13. London: Picador, 1994. 919.9 C42
One of the great tales of exploration, originally published in 1922. Cherry-Garrard's epic
midwinter journey to an emperor penguin rookery is just a warm-up for the main event: his
vivid account of Scott's doomed last expedition. (Description from Longitude Books)
Gurney, Alan. The Race to the White Continent: Voyages to the Antarctic.
NY: Norton, 2000. 919.9 G96
Gurney captures the fanfare, ego and discovery of 19th-century polar exploration in this
compelling narrative of the 1837-1842 Antarctic voyages of Dumont d'Urville, James Clark
Ross and Charles Wilkes. (Description from Longitude Books)
Huntford, Roland. The Last Place on Earth: Scott and Amundsen’s Race
to the South Pole. 1979; NY: Modern Library, 1999. 919.9 H91
In The Last Place on Earth, Huntford provides details of the race for the South
Pole, focusing on Admundsen and Scott and their conflicting personalities, ambitions and
methodologies. Using Norwegian primary sources, he presents the sort of details about
Admundsen and his expedition that most other books about Antarctic exploration do not.
Hurley, Frank. South with Endurance: Shackleton’s Antarctic Expedition
1914-1917: The Photographs of Frank Hurley. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2001
919.9 H93
Published in an 11 ½” by 12 ½” format, South with Endurance
contains the now-famous photographs taken by James Francis (Frank) Hurley as he traveled with
Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The larger format of the book allows for
excellent detail, and many of the photos are included at nearly full-page size. Most are black &
white, but a few are in color. This book “shows” the story of the expedition: the men,
their pack dogs, their daily life on board ship and their explorations on land, as well as the wreck
of the Endurance and the eventual rescue of the crew. Also included are numerous exquisite photos of
landscapes, seascapes, and wildlife, and even some of Hurley’s photographs from before and after
the Shackleton trip. South with Endurance includes just enough text to explain the photographs
and outline the course of the expedition – a perfect way to get the overall “feel” of
this difficult Antarctic journey.
Landis, Marilyn J. Antarctica : Exploring the Extreme: 400 Years of Adventure.
Chicago, IL: Chicago Review Press, Inc., 2001. 919.9 L23
Geologist, polar researcher and technical writer Marilyn Landis examines 400+ years of
Antarctic interest and exploration, with details of 40 different expeditions from the
1500’s through the 1900’s. Her account includes a chapter on Exploring
Antarctica’s Wildlife, with information about penguins and other local fauna.
Landis herself traveled to Antarctica seven times prior to writing this book.
Manchester, William. A World Lit Only by Fire: The Medieval Mind and the
Renaissance; The Age of Discovery. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co., 1992.
940.21 M31
The years of the Western world’s transition from the Roman Empire to the Renaissance
and Reformation were times of major upheaval and ongoing change in society. In A World
Lit Only by Fire, Manchester explores the people, events and beliefs of those times,
demonstrating how very much they combined to influence the world that was to come.
Manchester closes his book with a section devoted to the explorer Ferdinand Magellan, one
of the highly respected pioneers of his time. Magellan’s circumnavigation of the
globe took him through, among other places, a hazardous passageway that future sailors
found virtually impassable. Later named the Strait of Magellan, this passageway
is a mere 350 miles above the Antarctic Peninsula. Other explorers, too, from Francis Drake
to Oliver van Noort, the Nodal brothers to John Narborough, and onward to James Cook and
more, came within relatively close proximity of the Antarctic. History reveals reports of
European explorers’ contact with the natives of Patagonia, at the most southern tip
of South America, as early as 1610.
Morrell, Margot. Shackleton's Way, Leadership Lessons from the Great
Antarctic Explorer. NY: Viking Press, 2001.
658.4 M83
The authors of this volume use the Shackleton story to illustrate principles of leadership,
including the importance of hiring an outstanding crew, creating camaraderie and leading
effectively in a crisis. (Description from Longitude Books)
Mortimer, Gavin. Shackleton: The Story of Ernest Shackleton and the
Antarctic Explorers. 1999; London: Carlton Books, LTD. 2002
919.9 Sh1M
Relatively few are aware of the serious rivalries among the early explorers of the
Antarctic. Mortimer describes not only the race itself, but also the obstacles along the
way. He introduces the winners, the losers, the disappointments and the defeats among the
early expeditions, including some of the lesser-known explorers’ triumphs and
devastations. From pride and loyalty to arrogance and self-interest, each of the expedition
leaders had his own reasons for making the journey. Whether successful or not, they all
contributed to the knowledge base that spurred modern-day studies of the continent.
Scott, Robert Falcon. Scott’s Last Expedition: The Journals.
NY: Carroll & Graf, 1996.
919.9 Sco85H
This book is purported to be Scott’s own diary account of the voyage of the
Terra Nova and its desperate expedition to the South Pole. Scott’s journey
was not considered a successful one, and many of his contemporaries declared that Scott
himself was responsible for its failure. It has long been accepted that Scott’s
original diaries were heavily edited (by both his wife and others) after his death, in an
attempt to remove any indications of possible incompetence on his part. In this account,
Scott details the vast preparations and struggles that preceded his final expedition.
Those familiar with the history of that expedition understand that anything that possibly
could have gone wrong along the way, undoubtedly did. The fact that Scott’s entire
crew died before returning home is the saddest testament to the expedition’s failure.
Shackleton, Ernest. South. Wickford, RI: North Books, 2000.
919.9 Sh1
Shackleton’s own, first-hand account of the Expedition, the Aurora, the fate
of the Endurance, and more. The Preface provides a bit of background information,
and Chapter One begins with the day the Endurance set sail. This account reflects
how he viewed the trials and tribulations of his journey.
Solomon, Susan. The Coldest March: Scott’s Fatal Antarctic
Expedition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.
919.9 Sco85S
Solomon presents the story of Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his British expedition team’s trek across Antarctica to the South Pole in 1911-1912. Scott’s quest to be the first person to reach the South Pole was thwarted when a team from Norway (Amundsen et al) arrived there about 5 weeks before he did. Scott and his own team successfully completed the long trek across Antarctica, but all of them subsequently died on their way home. Solomon attributes their deaths not to incompetence, but rather to unpredictable, exceptionally low March temperatures that would have defied anyone’s predictions and planning. She offers details of the lives and accomplishments of the men lost on Scott’s expedition and provides recognition for their contributions to Antarctic exploration.
Worsley, Frank Arthur. Shackleton’s Boat Journey: The Narrative from
the Captain of the Endurance. Santa Barbara, CA: The Narrative Press, 2001.
919.9 Sh1W
Worsley, Captain of the ill-fated Endurance, tells the “rest of the
story” of the Shackleton expedition: the tale of the months of hardship the crew
endured after the ship’s sinking. Fighting rain, hail, sleet and snow,
gales of hurricane strength, icebergs, rocks, impossibly rough seas and impassable
mountainous terrain, the crew struggled to survive unthinkable conditions. Chronicling the
hair-raising exploits of the crew as they attempt to make their way to safety, he remains
humble about his own very essential part in their eventual success. This first person
narrative reads like the best of action adventure stories, which, in truth, it is.
Wildlife and the Environment
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Campbell, David G. The Crystal Desert: Summers in Antarctica.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992. 919.9 C15
A splendid, prize-winning portrait of Antarctica, the land and its history and especially
its marine life. Written with authority and love, Campbell's vivid essays on fossils,
glaciers, history and wildlife of the Antarctic Peninsula are an excellent introduction to
the area.
Soper, Tony. Antarctica : A Guide to the Wildlife. 2004; Bradt Travel
Guides, LTD, 2006.
591.989 So6
Opening his guidebook with a bit of history, natural historian Tony Soper describes the
past discovery and exploitation of Antarctica’s wildlife by explorers, sealers and
whalers. He discusses the realities of the continued exploitation of the continent’s
resources, well into the 20th century. With short sections about insects, invertebrates
and fish, the guidebook primarily focuses on the major birds and mammals of Antarctica.
The book’s illustrations are not photographs, but rather original watercolors by
artist and zoologist Dafila Scott, grand-daughter of Captain Scott of Antarctic exploration
fame!
Antarctica: An Adventure of a Differrent Nature. DVD. directed by John Weiley
(Burbank, CA: SlingShot Entertainment, 2001).
A breathtakingly beautiful IMAX documentary of Antarctic wildlife, research and exploration
featuring innovative aerial and underwater photography. 38 minutes.
(Description from Longitude Books)
Life in the freezer. DVD. directed by Alastair Fothergill (1993; Burbank, CA:
BBC Video and Warner Home Video, 2005). 508.989 L62
Over the course of three years, British naturalist and nature historian David Attenborough
and his camera team traveled in Antarctica and recorded the amazing wildlife they encountered
there, both on land and underwater. Penguins, whales, seals, seabirds and more abound in this
stunning, nature documentary. The original televised program was divided into 6 episodes, all of
which are included on this DVD. The six parts cover the annual cycle of life experienced in the
Antarctic.
March of the Penguins. DVD. Written and directed by Luc Jacquet. Burbank,
CA: Buena Vista International, Warner Home Video, 2005.
598.441 J16
French filmmaker Luc Jacquet spent a year in Antarctica in order to produce this 80-minute
documentary about the life cycle of the Emperor penguin. Considered a wildlife classic,
this film appeals to viewers of all ages. Humans have long been enthralled with the antics
of the Emperor penguin; this is the “bird in a tuxedo” penguin that rarely
fails to make people smile. Even though Jacquet has captured the astonishing true-life
hardships that these amazing Antarctic creatures endure, the entertainment factor is still here,
for certain. Narrated by Morgan Freeman.
"Spotlight on Antarctica." By Peter Berle. The Environment Show. WAMC.
November 7 &16, 2000. 919.9 N21
Guest scientists & explorers on the first show discuss the environment and wildlife of
Antarctica. The second show includes a discussion of the hole in the ozone layer and
information about planning a trip to Antarctica. Includes interview of Forrest E. Mars,
H’49.
Carey, Peter and Craig Franklin. Antarctica Cruising Guide. Wellington,
New Zealand: Awa Press, 2006.
Superbly illustrated, this compact guide by two Antarctic veterans features an inviting
roundup of favorite landing spots and scenic cruising grounds and an overview of Antarctic
penguins, seabirds, seals and whales. It has hundreds of color photographs and just about
everything you need to know. (Description from Longitude Books)
Carr, Tim and Pauline Carr. Antarctica Oasis: Under the Spell of South Georgia.
NY: Norton, 1998.
An oversized portrait of South Georgia, featuring 100 stunning color photographs, by Tim and
Pauline Carr, the yachtsmen who have made the extraordinary island their home.
(Description from Longitude Books)
de la Pena, Martin and Maurice Rumboll. Birds of Southern South America
& Antarctica. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.
A compact regional guide with color plates, range maps and brief descriptions.
(Description from Longitude Books)
Evans, Peter G.H. The Natural History of Whales & Dolphins.
New York , NY: Facts on File, 1987. 599.5 Ev1
Evans's objective here is to go a step beyond the many recently published whale and dolphin
books that have "delighted the eye and fired the imagination." Exploring the subject in
greater scientific depth, and including results of current research, he has succeeded in
producing an interesting, readable book easily accessible to all whale-and-dolphin fans.
Recent research is summarized, with instructive tables illustrating the relationships
between findings on such subjects as herd size and sounds produced. There is also a
selection of well-chosen color photographs. (Description by Susan Klimley,
Columbia Univ. Libs in Library Journal)
Harrison, Peter. Seabirds of the World: A Photographic Guide.
Princeton , NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
598.2924 H24
Including what are believed to be all of the world’s seabirds, this guide
supplies photographs, identifying information and habitat details of hundreds of different
birds. With about 740 color photos of seabirds (probably the most ever gathered in one book!),
and over 320 color distribution maps, this is certainly a comprehensive guide. The guide
divides the seabirds into their six respective “orders”, then into their
“family groups”. Precise, descriptive text, multiple photographs (including
in-flight shots), cross indexing, and even “differs from…”
comparisons make this guide a must for anyone wishing to identify seabirds anywhere. Even the
amateur “birder” should be able to rely on this book to make correct identifications!
Lynch, Wayne. Penguins of the World. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2007.
598.441 L99
A self-described “penguin addict”, Wayne Lynch traveled some 313,000 miles,
over the course of 18 years, to observe and photograph all 17 species of penguins. He
visited Antarctica 7 times and made numerous journeys to the Galápagos Islands,
Argentina, Chile, New Zealand and various small groups of islands in between, just to find
the penguins. A true labor of love, Lynch’s book offers delightful, close-up photos
of every species of penguin, combined with an informative, easy-to-understand text that
provides basic information about each variety.
Minasian, Stanley M.and Kenneth C. Balcomb, III. The World’s Whales:
The Complete Illustrated Guide. Washington , DC: Smithsonian Books, Smithsonian
Institution, 1984. 599.5 M66
Offers eleven years’ worth of collected photographs of live whales, dolphins and
porpoises. Most of the photos are in color, and most show the animals in their natural
habitats. In addition to the photographs, the book provides extensive information about
each individual species of whale, including specifics about every one of them. Useful
information included ranges from whales’ physical descriptions to the distribution
of particular species to regular migration patterns. With lots of information very clearly
presented, this guide will undoubtedly provide most if not all that a casual observer might
want to know about whales.
National Geographic Television and Film. Emperors of the Ice. 2006;
Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2007.
598.441 Em7
Concerned with the potential effects of climate change on the Emperor penguin’s
world, scientists actually attached backpack-style cameras called Crittercams to a number
of penguins and filmed their everyday lives. They have used the resultant film to evaluate
changes in the penguins’ environment and possible adaptations made by the penguins
to adjust to those changes. The DVD includes bonus footage from these Crittercams, as well
as an extra short about leopard seals.
Naveen, Ron. Waiting to Fly: My Escapades with the Penguins of Antarctica.
NY: Morrow, 1999. 598.441 N22
The life and times of penguins -- and those who study and appreciate them -- by Ron Naveen,
who is head-over-heels in love with the Antarctic and its most famous inhabitants.
Shirihai, Hadoram. The Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 2008.
This splendidly illustrated essential guide features color plates by Brett Jarrett of all the
birds and marine mammals found south of 40 degrees. Includes 900 color photographs, range maps
and notes on visitor sites, weather conditions and conservation. (Description from Longitude Books)
Todd, Frank. Birds & Mammals of the Antarctic, Subantarctic &
Falkland Islands. Temecula, CA: Ibis Publishing Company, 2004.
A gorgeously illustrated, compact field guide, featuring superb color photographs of all
the hard-to-identify seabirds and marine mammals of the Southern Ocean.(Description from Longitude Books)
Williams, Tony D. The Penguins. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995.
598.441 W67
Like all the books in the Bird Families of the World series, The Penguins
offers a comprehensive reference resource for this particular species. Starting with an overview of
the penguin: origins, evolution, breeding, behavior and more, Williams goes on to carefully describes
all six genera and 17 species of penguins. Color plates by illustrator J.N. Davies provide specific
details of each type of penguin and can help the amateur learn to tell one penguin species from another.
Simple maps indicate the native locale for each of the penguin species. Some of the scientific detail
included here may be far more than the casual observer needs or wants, but anyone looking for facts
about penguins will be hard pressed to find another resource as comprehensive as this one.
Websites
Oceanites: The World's Antarctic Resources- “ocean-eye-tees” — is the scientific name for a group of oceanic birds called storm-petrels, including the Wilson’s storm-petrel, which breeds in Antarctica and then, when its breeding season concludes, migrates northward to all of the world’s oceans. Oceanites, Inc. was founded in 1987 in the United States. Its major scientific project is the Antarctic Site Inventory, which began collecting and compiling baseline biological and physical data and descriptive information in 1994. With this website, Oceanites begins a long-term, multi-language educational effort to disseminate internationally — and to as wide an audience as possible, all that we’ve compiled. (Description from Oceanites website)
URL: http://www.oceanites.org/
National Geographic Sealab: Antarctica- For 44 days, nationalgeographic.com’s Mark Christmas bunked aboard an icebreaker in some of the stormiest seas on Earth, assisting an intrepid research team studying krill, a small creature key to life in Antarctica. (Description from National Geographic website)
URL: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/sealab/antarctica/
New York Times: Antarctica- World news about Antarctica, including breaking news and archival articles published in The New York Times. (Description from NY Times website) URL: http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/antarctica/index.html?inline=nyt-geo
World Factbook: Antarctica- An official country profile from the CIA. Contains geographic, governmental, economic and transnational issues pertaining to Antarctica. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html#Econ
NOVA Online: Warnings from the ice- the companion site for the NOVA program "Warnings from the Ice," originally broadcast on April 21, 1998. Over the last half-century, the coastal ice on the Antarctic Peninsula has been gradually disappearing. Scientists are beginning to wonder if we are on the verge of a great flood that may consume the world's coastlines. In the program, a group of scientists heads south to Antarctica in the race to answer questions and heed the warnings from the ice. (Description from NOVA website) URL: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/warnings/
The photographs of Antarctica on this page were taken by Tom Flemma, Head of the History Department, The Hotchkiss School. Item descriptions, unless otherwise noted, were written by Cheryl Hibbard and Kim Gnerre, Edsel Ford Memorial Library.